Akhenaten Pharaoh of the Sun

Description

Starting from the reign of Thutmose IV, the Egyptian rulers placed increasing importance on the solar cult in an effort to counter the growing power of the Theban priests. The intention was to propose an alternative to Amon-Ra, who had become the national god of the entire Nile Valley. This policy, carefully pursued by Amenhotep III, led to a break between the power of the state and the clergy during the reign of Amenhotep IV, who, upon ascending the throne, established the cult of the Aton, the divinized solar disk. The young ruler initially sought to strike at the heart of the temple of Amon-Ra by building a sanctuary dedicated to the Aton east of the immense complex of Karnak. This attempt did not achieve its intended goal, and Amenhotep IV, after changing his name to Akhenaten ("Spirit of Aton" or "He who is favorable to the Aton"), distanced himself from Thebes, founded a new capital, which he named Akhet-Aton ("Horizon of Aton"), near the site of Tell el-Amarna in Middle Egypt, and banned the worship of the god Amon. The cult of the Aton did not survive its promulgator. Akhenaten's successors erased his name from monuments to eliminate his memory, and during the reign of the young Tutankhamun, the veneration of Amon was restored. The approximately two hundred artifacts on display document the life of the royal family and subjects from the early years of Akhenaten's reign until the move to the new capital.

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